87.040 (Paints and varnishes) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7334-08 用前进接触角法测量涂料、颜料和基质的表面润湿性的标准实施规程

This standard is useful for characterizing the wettability of surfaces. A surface that is easy to wet is one over which a coating is more likely to give good adhesion and appearance and less likely to suffer surface tension related defects such as crawling, cratering, pinholing and orange peel.This standard also can be used to test pigment surfaces for wettability, particularly by potential surfactant- or resin-based dispersants or mill bases. Easily wetted pigments are more likely to be easy to disperse and dispersants/mill bases that wet pigments of interest are more likely to disperse those pigments well. Although the contact angle is governed by the surface tensions of the test liquid and test surface, the angle cannot provide a surface tension value directly. A low advancing contact angle value (< 45°) is indicative of wetting and angles of 10 to 20º are indicative of excellent wetting. Water can be used as a test liquid to establish (via the advancing contact angle) whether a surface is hydrophilic (angle <45º), hydrophobic (angle > 90º) or somewhere in-between (angle of 45 to 90º). Water contact angles have been used to estimate surface cleanliness before and after cleaning operations, ease of wettability of surfaces by waterborne coatings and the effectiveness of rinsing processes. An organic liquid such as a solvent also can be used to characterize a substrate, coating or pigment. The resultant contact angle will depend on the surface tensions of the liquid and the test surface. A low surface tension (energy) test surface will not be wet by a high surface tension liquid. In addition to water and solvents, a surfactant dispersion or dispersant solution can be used to test a pigment surface. Any test liquid that is a potential dispersant for a test pigment must wet the pigment well or it will not work as a dispersant. Contact angle measurements can be used to map surfaces in terms of hydrophilicity, presence of low surface tension components or contaminants, or variations in composition. Other analytical methods such as infrared microscopy would be needed to identify the chemical moieties that give the contact angle differences. This test method can be used on nearly all coatings and substrates and may be extended to pigments by compressing the pigment powder into a solid disk. 1.1 This practice covers the measurement of the angle of contact when a drop of liquid is applied to a coated surface, substrate, or preformed disk of pigment. 1.2 There are two types of contact angles, advancing and receding. This standard deals only with advancing contact angles. 1.3 This practice is intended to supplement the manufacturer’s instructions for the device being used to make the measurements, but is not intended to replace them. 1.4 A common test liquid is water, but many other liquids such as solvents, surfactant and dispersant solutions and even liquid paints can be used. 1.5 This practice is based on goniometry, which involves the observation of a sessile drop of test liquid on a solid substrate. 1.6 Although contact angles are governed by surface tension, this standard cannot be used to measure surface tension directly. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its ......

Standard Practice for Surface Wettability of Coatings, Substrates and Pigments by Advancing Contact Angle Measurement

ASTM D7334-08(2013) 通过推进接触角测量涂层,基板和颜料表面润湿性的标准实施规程

5.1 This standard is useful for characterizing the wettability of surfaces. A surface that is easy to wet is one over which a coating is more likely to give good adhesion and appearance and less likely to suffer surface tension related defects such as crawling, cratering, pinholing and orange peel. 5.2 This standard also can be used to test pigment surfaces for wettability, particularly by potential surfactant- or resin-based dispersants or mill bases. Easily wetted pigments are more likely to be easy to disperse and dispersants/mill bases that wet pigments of interest are more likely to disperse those pigments well. 5.3 Although the contact angle is governed by the surface tensions of the test liquid and test surface, the angle cannot provide a surface tension value directly. 5.4 A low advancing contact angle value (lt;45°) is indicative of wetting and angles of 10 to 20º are indicative of excellent wetting. 5.5 Water can be used as a test liquid to establish (via the advancing contact angle) whether a surface is hydrophilic (angle lt;45º), hydrophobic (angle gt; 90º) or somewhere in-between (angle of 45 to 90º). Water contact angles have been used to estimate surface cleanliness before and after cleaning operations, ease of wettability of surfaces by waterborne coatings and the effectiveness of rinsing processes. 5.6 An organic liquid such as a solvent also can be used to characterize a substrate, coating or pigment. The resultant contact angle will depend on the surface tensions of the liquid and the test surface. A low surface tension (energy) test surface will not be wet by a high surface tension liquid. 5.7 In addition to water and solvents, a surfactant dispersion or dispersant solution can be used to test a pigment surface. Any test liquid that is a potential dispersant for a test pigment must wet the pigment well or it will not work as a dispersant. 5.8 Contact angle measurements can be used to map surfaces in terms of hydrophilicity, presence of low surface tension components or contaminants, or variations in composition. Other analytical methods such as infrared microscopy would be needed to identify the chemical moieties that give the contact angle differences. 5.9 This test method can be used on nearly all coatings and substrates and may be extended to pigments by compressing the pigment powder into a solid disk. 1.1 This practice covers the measurement of the angle of contact when a drop of liquid is applied to a coated surface, substrate, or preformed disk of pigment. 1.2 There are two types of contact angles, advancing and receding. This standard deals only with advancing contact angles. 1.3 This practice is intended to supplement the manufacturer’s instructions for the device being used to make the measurements, but is not intended to replace them. 1.4 A common test liquid is water, but many other liquids such as solvents,......

Standard Practice for Surface Wettability of Coatings, Substrates and Pigments by Advancing Contact Angle Measurement

ASTM D6736-08 乳胶漆耐磨性的标准试验方法

Interior flat paints may become burnished in areas where clothing or upholstered furniture rub against a wall. This rubbing may cause a smoother, glossier surface at the contacted area, depending on the level or type of pigments in the paint and binder hardness. This method permits a more quantitative estimate of burnish resistance than those using manual rubbing techniques.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the resistance of latex paints to burnishing under dry conditions. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Burnish Resistance of Latex Paints

ASTM D3891-08(2014) 涂料、清漆、喷漆及有关产品试验用玻璃板制备的标准操作规程

3.1 The procedures described in this practice are designed to provide uniform glass panels for testing of paint, varnish, lacquer, conversion coatings and related products. 1.1 This practice covers the preparation of glass panels for subsequent testing of paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products.2 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Preparation of Glass Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products

ASTM D6736-08(2013) 乳胶漆耐磨光性的标准试验方法

5.1 Interior flat paints may become burnished in areas where clothing or upholstered furniture rub against a wall. This rubbing may cause a smoother, glossier surface at the contacted area, depending on the level or type of pigments in the paint and binder hardness. This method permits a more quantitative estimate of burnish resistance than those using manual rubbing techniques. 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the resistance of latex paints to burnishing under dry conditions. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Burnish Resistance of Latex Paints

ASTM D4213-08(2012) 磨蚀失重法测定涂料耐擦洗性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers an accelerated procedure for determining the resistance of paints to erosion caused by scrubbing. (Note: The term wet abrasion is sometimes used for scrubbing, and wet abrasion resistance or scrubbability for scrub resistance.) Although scrub resistance tests are intended primarily for interior coatings, they are sometimes used with exterior coatings as an additional measure of film performance. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints by Abrasion Weight Loss

ASTM D4213-08 磨蚀失重法测定涂料耐磨擦磨损的标准试验方法

Interior paint films often become soiled, especially near doorways, windows, and play areas, and frequently need to be cleaned by scrubbing. This test method covers the determination of the relative resistance of paints to erosion when scrubbed. The precision of scrub resistance measurements in absolute physical values, such as Test Methods D 2486 cycles-to-failure or this test method, microlitres per 100 cycles, is poor due to the relatively large effect of subtle and difficult-to-control variables in test conditions. The test method described herein minimizes this problem by using a standard calibration panel as an integral part of each scrubbing operation and relating its weight loss to that of the paint film under test to establish the latter's scrub resistance. Note 18212;The numerical scrub resistance values obtained by this test method are of significance only in relation to the specific calibration panel types with which the value is obtained. Thus, for example, a scrub resistance value of 83 with a Type X calibration panel would be reported as 83X. Results obtained by this test method do not necessarily represent the scrub resistance that might be determined if the test film is allowed to dry before testing appreciably longer than the seven-day period specified herein. Results obtained by this test method do not necessarily relate to ease of soil or stain removal (also referred to as “cleanability” or “cleansability”). To test for those characteristics use Test Methods D 3450 and D 4828. FIG. 1 Alignment of Panels for Scrubbing1.1 This test method covers an accelerated procedure for determining the resistance of paints to erosion caused by scrubbing. (Note: The term wet abrasion is sometimes used for scrubbing, and wet abrasion resistance or scrubbability for scrub resistance.) Although scrub resistance tests are intended primarily for interior coatings, they are sometimes used with exterior coatings as an additional measure of film performance. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints by Abrasion Weight Loss

ASTM D7395-07 500s^-1剪切速率下测定锥体/平板粘度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of paints and related products using a cone/plate viscometer at a shear rate of 500 s-1.1.2 Viscosity values obtained by this method may be used as an alternative to results from No. 4 Ford cup measurements. The values from this method do not replicate Ford cup results, but can be used for quality control, producer-user specifications and viscosity reduction in the same manner that Ford cups are used.1.3 If viscosity at a higher shear rate is needed, Test Method D 4287, which describes viscosity measurement at 10 000 to 12 000 s-1 may be used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Cone/Plate Viscosity at a 500 s^-1 Shear Rate

ASTM D4585-07 用受控冷凝法测试涂层耐水性的标准实施规程

Water can cause degradation of coatings, so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its service life. Failure in a condensation test may be caused by a number of factors including a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating systems. Condensation tests of coatings are used for specification acceptance, quality control, and research and development of coatings and substrate treatments. These tests usually result in a pass or fail determination but the degree of failure also may be measured. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of time. Results obtained from the use of condensation tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the coating or coating system. The test is usually conducted on metal, plastics, or wood specimens with the coating facing the inside of the chamber. However, it is possible to test the blister resistance of house paints on wood specimens by mounting the uncoated wood surface facing the inside of the chamber. This practice can be used for corrosion tests particularly if the specimens are periodically dried. While corrosion products will drain into the water bath, they are not carried into the vapor that condenses on the test specimens.1.1 This practice covers basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings using controlled condensation. Condensation is produced by exposing one surface of a coated specimen to a heated, saturated mixture of air and water vapor, while the reverse side of the specimen is exposed to the cooling effect of room temperature air. This practice is derived from research of the Cleveland Society for Coatings Technology.1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions and procedures of controlled condensation tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results. Note 1 - Alternative practices for testing water resistance of coatings include Practices D 870, D 1735, and D 2247.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation

ASTM D4214-07 评定外用漆膜粉化程度的标准试验方法

The procedures provide a broad range of techniques and photographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the degree of chalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These test methods describe the procedures recommended for transferring the chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared to photographic reference standards, or in the case of adhesive tapes, compared to a reflectance table or photographic reference standards, to determine the degree of chalking.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films

ASTM D4138-07 用横截面分割破坏法测定防护涂层系统干膜厚度的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice describes the measurement of dry film thickness of coating films by microscopic observation of precision angular cuts in the coating film. Use of these procedures may require repair of the coating film. This practice is intended to supplement the manufacturers' instructions for the manual operation of the gages and is not intended to replace them. It includes definitions of key terms, reference documents, the significance and use of the practice, and the advantages and limitations of the instruments.1.2 Three procedures are provided for measuring dry film thickness of protective coating systems:1.2.1 Procedure AUsing groove cutting instruments.1.2.2 Procedure B using grinding instruments.1.2.3 Procedure C Using drill bit instruments.1.3 These procedures are not applicable for soft or ductile substrates that may deform under the test gage cutting tip. The substrate should be sufficiently rigid to prevent deformation of the coating during the cutting process. The surface may be flat or moderately curved. Pipes as small as 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter may be measured in the axial direction.1.4 Individual coats in a multicoat system where there is a discernible visual difference between coats or the overall thickness of a coating system can be measured by these procedures.1.5 The range of thickness measurement is typically 2 to 2000 microns (0.1 to 80 mils) and depends upon the cutting angle of the blade.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means

ASTM D7395-07(2012) 在500 s^-1 剪切率下的锥/板粘度的标准试验方法

This test has been used to measure viscosities of automotive topcoats in place of No. 4 Ford cup measurements and has provided an equivalent ability to evaluate whether the paint meets specifications and is sprayable. The method could be considered as an alternative to No. 4 Ford cup and other efflux cup measurements for other products as well. The type of viscometer described in this method gives better temperature control than Ford and other efflux cups and is expected to give better precision. This test method is suitable for all paints and related materials whether they are Newtonian in behavior or not.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of paints and related products using a cone/plate viscometer at a shear rate of 500 s-1. 1.2 Viscosity values obtained by this method may be used as an alternative to results from No. 4 Ford cup measurements. The values from this method do not replicate Ford cup results, but can be used for quality control, producer-user specifications and viscosity reduction in the same manner that Ford cups are used. 1.3 If viscosity at a higher shear rate is needed, Test Method D4287, which describes viscosity measurement at 10 000 to 12 000 s-1 may be used. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Cone/Plate Viscosity at a 500 s^-1 Shear Rate

ASTM G12-07 钢制管道涂层膜厚度的无损测量用标准试验方法

Measurements of film thickness are an essential part of most ASTM test methods related to coatings on steel pipe. Adequate thickness is important for a coating to fulfill its function of preventing or mitigating corrosion of steel pipelines. The accuracy of the thickness measurements may be influenced by the deformability of the coating. This test method is not applicable to coatings that would be readily deformable under the force exerted by the probe of the measuring instrument.1.1 This test method describes the nondestructive measurement of the thickness of a dry, nonmagnetic coating applied to the external surface of steel pipe. The method is recommended for coating thicknesses up to 6 mm (0.240 in.) and for any diameter pipe, but not smaller than 10 mm (0.5 in.). It does not apply to excessively soft films.1.2 The values stated in SI units to three significant decimals are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel

ASTM D7270-07 工厂采用液体涂料的环境和性能鉴定用标准指南

The primary objective of this verification guide is to determine the “air pollution-prevention potential” (possible reduction in VOC or HAP emissions) of factory-applied liquid coatings. The overall objective of this guide is to verify the above pollution-prevention characteristics and basic performance characteristics of liquid coating technologies. Use of this guide can increase acceptance of more environmentally friendly technologies for product finishing with an accompanying reduction in emissions to the atmosphere. The specific objectives of this guide are to (1) quantify the VOC and HAP content of liquid coatings and (2) verify the basic quality and durability performance of these coatings. The primary criteria for verification of liquid coatings will be: 3.3.1 Confirm that use of the coating will significantly reduce VOC and HAP content or emissions (or both) during application or cure, or both. 3.3.2 Confirm that the coating can provide an acceptable finish (appearance, hardness, flexibility, etc.) for the intended end use. The test results from this guide can provide to potential users the best data available to determine whether the coating will provide a pollution-prevention benefit while meeting the finish quality requirements for its intended use. This guide intends to supply end users with unbiased technical data to assist them in this decision-making process. The quantitative air pollution-prevention potential depends on a multitude of factors; therefore, the liquid coatings are to be applied in accordance with the coating vendor’s instructions and the resulting verification data reflect only the specific conditions of the test. To quantify the environmental benefit (air pollution-prevention potential), a test to quantify the VOC or HAP emissions from the new liquid coatings will be conducted and compared to data for existing coatings typically used in the target industry.1.1 This guide provides a generic testing procedure to verify the air pollution-prevention characteristics and basic properties of liquid coatings applied to metal, plastic, wood, or composite substrates in a factory/manufacturing environment. Thus it may be used to evaluate these liquid coatings to verify their volatile organic compound (VOC) and organic hazardous air pollutant (HAP) content as well as basic performance properties.1.2 This guide is adapted from a procedure used by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish third party verification of the physical properties and performance of coatings that have potential to reduce air emissions. The data from the verification testing is available on the internet at the EPAs Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program website (http://www.epa.gov/etv/centers/center6.html) under the "P2 Innovative Coatings and Coating Equipment Pilot."1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Environmental and Performance Verification of Factory-Applied Liquid Coatings

ASTM D7358-07(2013) 使用定量氢化钙反应试验盒测定水含量的标准试验方法

4.1 Although Test Method D4017 is widely used for the determination of water in paints and related materials, this method may overcome some of the variability found in the Karl Fischer method. 4.2 Control of water content is often important in controlling the performance of paints, and it is critical in determining volatile organic compound (VOC) content when VOC content is measured by difference from total volatile matter and water content as required in certain federal and state regulations. 1.1 This test method describes the determination of the total water content of paints using a calcium hydride reaction test kit, or water content between 2 and 858201;% water. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Water Content of Paints by Quantitative Calcium Hydride Reaction Test Kit

ASTM D7306-07(2013) 用目测法测试乳胶漆低温下漆膜形成的标准实施规程

5.1 This practice can be used by paint formulators to determine if a given paint has the ability to form a film at low temperatures. This practice can be used as an aid for determining coalescing solvent level required to form a good film. Test Method D3793 compares the porosity of a film drawn down at room temperature to another film drawn down and cured at low temperature. 5.2 This practice provides no absolute information, rather ranking only of the selected series of paints. 5.3 This practice can provide a pass-fail situation if known acceptable and unacceptable paints are included in the test. 1.1 This practice specifies a laboratory procedure for evaluating the ability of a latex paint to form a uniform film free of visible defects at low temperatures. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Testing Low Temperature Film-Formation of Latex Paints by Visual Observation

ASTM G17-07 管道涂层耐渗透性用标准试验方法(钝头棒)

Since pipeline coatings are subjected to concentrated pressures exerted by the weight of the pipe and the backfill, this test is intended primarily for determining the resistance of the coating to penetration or deformation under controlled conditions. 3.1.1 Deformation of a compressible coating does not signify a potential weakness in underground burial service, if the coating is not penetrated. Deformation cannot be compared to penetration into and through a coating.1.1 This accelerated test method is used to determine the relative resistance of steel pipeline coatings to penetration or deformation by a blunt rod under a specified load. The test method is intended to apply to the testing of all types of nonmetallic pipeline coatings subjected to various temperatures.1.2 The values stated in SI units to three significant decimals are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Penetration Resistance of Pipeline Coatings (Blunt Rod)

ASTM D4138-07a(2013) 用横截面分割破坏法测定防护涂层系统干膜厚度的标准操作规程

5.1 Many coating properties are markedly affected by the film thickness of the dry film such as adhesion, flexibility, and harness. To be able to compare results obtained by different operators, it is essential to measure film thickness carefully. 5.2 Most protective and high performance coatings are applied to meet a requirement or a specification for the dry-film thickness of each coat, or for the complete system, or both. Coatings must be applied within a certain minimum and maximum thickness tolerances in order that they can fulfill their intended function. 1.1 This practice describes the measurement of dry film thickness of coating films by microscopic observation of precision angular cuts in the coating film. Use of these procedures may require repair of the coating film. This practice is intended to supplement the manufacturers' instructions for the manual operation of the gages and is not intended to replace them. It includes definitions of key terms, reference documents, the significance and use of the practice, and the advantages and limitations of the instruments. 1.2 Three procedures are provided for measuring dry film thickness of protective coating systems: 1.2.1 Procedure A—Using groove cutting instruments. 1.2.2 Procedure B—Using grinding instruments. 1.2.3 Procedure C—Using drill bit instruments. 1.3 These procedures are not applicable for soft or ductile substrates that may deform under the test gage cutting tip. The substrate should be sufficiently rigid to prevent deformation of the coating during the cutting process. The surface may be flat or moderately curved. Pipes as small as 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter may be measured in the axial direction. 1.4 Individual coats in a multicoat system where there is a discernible visual difference between coats or the overall thickness of a coating system can be measured by these procedures. 1.5 The range of thickness measurement is typically 2 to 2000 microns (0.1 to 80 mils) and depends upon the cutting angle of the blade. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means

ASTM D2369-07 覆层中挥发物含量的标准试验方法

This test method is the procedure of choice for determining volatiles in coatings for the purpose of calculating the volatile organic content in coatings under specified test conditions. The weight percent solids content (nonvolatile matter) may be determined by difference. This information is useful to the paint producer and user and to environmental interests for determining the volatiles emitted by coatings.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of the weight percent volatile content of solventborne and waterborne coatings. Test specimens are heated at 110 177;5176;C for 60 min. Note 1 - The coatings used in these round-robin studies represented air-dried, air-dried oxidizing, heat-cured baking systems, and also included multicomponent paint systems.1.2 Sixty minutes at 110 177;5176;C is a general purpose test method based on the precision obtained with both solventborne and waterborne coatings (see Section 9). 1.3 This test method is viable for coatings wherein one or more parts may, at ambient conditions, contain liquid coreactants that are volatile until a chemical reaction has occurred with another component of the multi-package system. Note 2 - Committee D01 has run round-robin studies on volatiles of multicomponent paint systems. The only change in procedure is to premix the weighed components in the correct proportions and allow the specimens to stand at room temperature for 1 h prior to placing them into the oven.1.4 Test Method D 5095 for Determination of the Nonvolatile Content in Silanes, Siloxanes and Silane-Siloxane Blends Used in Masonry Water Repellent Treatments is the standard method for nonvolatile content of these types of materials.1.5 Test Methods D 5403 for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials is the standard method for determining nonvolatile content of radiation curable coatings, inks and adhesives.1.6 Test Method D 6419 for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and Coldset Web Offset Printing Inks is the method of choice for these types of printing inks.1.7 This test method may not be applicable to all types of coatings. Other procedures may be substituted with mutual agreement between the producer and the user. Note 3 - If unusual decomposition or degradation of the specimen occurs during heating, the actual time and temperature used to cure the coating in practice may be substituted for the time and temperature specified in this test method, subject to mutual agreement between the producer and the user. The U.S. EPA Reference Method 24 specifies 110 177;5176;C for 1 h for coatings.Note 4 - Practice D 3960 for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings describes procedures and calculations and provides guidance on selecting test methods to determine VOC content of solventborne and waterborne coatings.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings

ASTM D4138-07a 用横截面分割破坏法测定防护涂层系统干膜厚度的标准实施规程

Many coating properties are markedly affected by the film thickness of the dry film such as adhesion, flexibility, and harness. To be able to compare results obtained by different operators, it is essential to measure film thickness carefully. Most protective and high performance coatings are applied to meet a requirement or a specification for the dry-film thickness of each coat, or for the complete system, or both. Coatings must be applied within a certain minimum and maximum thickness tolerances in order that they can fulfill their intended function.1.1 This practice describes the measurement of dry film thickness of coating films by microscopic observation of precision angular cuts in the coating film. Use of these procedures may require repair of the coating film. This practice is intended to supplement the manufacturers' instructions for the manual operation of the gages and is not intended to replace them. It includes definitions of key terms, reference documents, the significance and use of the practice, and the advantages and limitations of the instruments.1.2 Three procedures are provided for measuring dry film thickness of protective coating systems:1.2.1 Procedure A - Using groove cutting instruments.1.2.2 Procedure B - Using grinding instruments.1.2.3 Procedure C - Using drill bit instruments.1.3 These procedures are not applicable for soft or ductile substrates that may deform under the test gage cutting tip. The substrate should be sufficiently rigid to prevent deformation of the coating during the cutting process. The surface may be flat or moderately curved. Pipes as small as 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter may be measured in the axial direction.1.4 Individual coats in a multicoat system where there is a discernible visual difference between coats or the overall thickness of a coating system can be measured by these procedures.1.5 The range of thickness measurement is typically 2 to 2000 microns (0.1 to 80 mils) and depends upon the cutting angle of the blade.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means